فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1401)

Feelings of shame and guilt are two negative emotions that it seems to women to face these emotions due to cultural factors is inevitable and it is necessary to think of measures to reduce these emotions accordingly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hope therapy training on feelings of shame and guilt in women in Garmsar city.

In the present study, a single-group pretest-posttest design was used. The statistical population of the study was women in Garmsar city in 1400 who had at least 5 years of cohabitation. The sample size was 30 people. Available sampling method was determined voluntarily. The group received an online cognitive hope therapy program for two months. The research instrument was Marshal, Softs and Tangni (1994) Shame and Sin Questionnaire..

The data analysis method was paired sample T test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the group at the level of 0.001.

Conclusion :

Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive hope therapy with different techniques can reduce negative emotions and ultimately reduce women's shame and guilt.

The aim of this study was to design a performance model for female police officers during the corona.

The present study is a qualitative data type in terms of purpose, development-application and research method. The statistical population includes 12 female police officers who have worked in different parts of the police force. With at least 10 years of experience, they had a master's degree, and sampling in a non-random, targeted manner continued until the opinions of these experts reached saturation point. The interview data collection tool was open. The results of the interview were analyzed using the data-based method and using Maxioda software.

After conducting the interviews, 45 initial codes were identified and content themes were identified using the category review process, as well as frequent changes in the category titles and the relationship of the categories with the subcategories. Causal conditions including organizational factors and rewards, background conditions including job-related factors, strategic factors in both individual and organizational sections and consequences in both individual and organizational sections were identified.

The results showed that in order to improve the performance of female police officers in Faraja, paying attention to the underlying issues along with eliminating disturbing variables, one can hope for the future of female police officers through appropriate strategies.

Women's social capital in cooperatives is a key factor in the bonding of members, according to which it shows their position and role in the development and evaluation of cooperatives' performance. Participation in cooperatives for women is considered a social and economic activity that measures their ability in society.. The main question in this regard has been how social capital reflects the social responsibility of women in cooperatives and how do women assess its role? To answer this question, we used the method of narrative analysis.

Using a semi-structured interview strategy that reached a theoretical saturation with 30 members of the cooperative, we reached the 12 initial categories. From their analysis, we came to the 4 secondary categories of sustainable interaction, shared values, meeting needs and motivation for creative and entrepreneurial work.

The analysis of these categories indicates that in cooperatives there is a comprehensive participation in the work that members try to gain the trust of other members through interaction and adaptive behavior, resulting in a lasting interaction and common values of women in To be formed between them.

It has also helped meet the basic needs of women, including their financial and emotional needs, and at the same time be creative. The analysis of these categories showed that women's social capital has created a context for their high social responsibility in cooperatives, and this has helped to maintain and develop cooperatives.

One of the dangers and crises of today's societies is the tendency of women to engage in risky behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate family performance with a tendency to high-risk sexual behaviors and substance use mediated by psychological capital in women in Kermanshah.

In this descriptive-analytical correlational study, 600 women were selected using available sampling method. For data collection, Lutaz & Avari (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Epstein, Baldwin & Bishab (1983) Family Functioning Questionnaire and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavior Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed using correlation and path analysis methods by SPSS-25 and AMOS-23 software.

The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between family performance and tendency to use drugs and high-risk sex at the level of P = 0.001. The results also showed that there is a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience with the tendency to use drugs and high-risk sexual behavior at the level of P = 0.001. Finally, the results showed that the variables of optimism and hope can mediate between family performance and tendency to risky sexual behavior and substance use. Therefore, by emphasizing family functioning and positive psychological concepts and by strengthening these factors, it is possible to prevent people from tending to high-risk behaviors (substance use and high-risk sexual behaviors).

The processes of urban growth, industrialization, and the collapse of former social formations have weakened the importance and influence of traditional and hereditary rules and conventions, and in this way, space has been opened for other sources of meaning, such as gender, and over time, researchers' attention has been drawn to the study of the city. And the gender has turned. The number and variety of scientific articles published in the field of city and gender is one of the signs of researchers' tendency towards this concept. This article, with a meta-analysis approach, has reviewed related articles that either mention the two concepts of city and gender in the title or keywords, and have been done until 1399 and 2020. Meta-analysis is actually the analysis of analyses. That is, the analysis of a large set of results of individual studies, which is done with the aim of integrating the findings. The multi-dimensional view and the use of composite indicators in conducting the reviewed researches have created the opportunity to be analyzed in three dimensions. The findings indicate that about half of the reviewed researches have used quantitative methods and the rest have used qualitative or mixed methods in data collection and analysis. In all domestic and foreign researches, the dimensions of "gender spaces, gender injustice and gender representation" have received the attention of city and gender researchers more than other dimensions, which includes more researches in the "gender spaces" dimension.

Leisure time and how to spend it in the modern era is one of the basic issues in people's social life, and due to the prevalence of consumer culture and the formation of fundamental changes in people's lifestyles, its importance has increased. The present study was conducted with the aim of "investigating the relationship between the rethinking of female identity and the leisure patterns of women in Yazd". The method used in this research is a survey type, using a questionnaire tool and a proportional cluster sampling of 403 women living in Yazd city. In this research, leisure time has been measured in two dimensions, traditional and modern. The results showed that the total average (in the range of 1 to 5) of the female reflexive identity variable is equal to 3.51. In this way, in total, the level of female identity among sample women is higher than the average, which is the number 3. Also, there is a relationship between background variables such as respondents' marital status, their age, education status and women's employment status with how they spend their free time. Also, there is a relationship between the variable of female rethinking identity and leisure time among women in Yazd city.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that is based on a qualitative method based on grounded theory approach and quantitatively examines the social and spiritual roles of women in society with a based on Islamic teachings. In this research, in the qualitative part, experts and academic experts have been used to collect data. The sampling method was purposeful and using the snowball technique. In a small part of the statistical population of the present study, all women in the 11th district of Tehran, 356 people were evaluated using cluster sampling. In the quantitative section, a researcher-made multimodal questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative section has been used to measure the variables of the foundation data model. This questionnaire has been approved by experts with the help of Delphi technique and brainstorming. The results of the research indicated that the evaluation has determined the spiritual component for the individual dimension and the social dimension including the social component. These results are important in terms of comparison and differences in the results obtained in several ways.

According to the United Nations Population the number of elderly people is steadily increasing. Women are the major source of informal healthcare. Majority of women might face depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to study the level of anxiety and depression and their relationship with some cultural and social factors among caregivers.Data were collected from 377 married elderly caregivers by stratified proportional sampling method and analyzed by SPSS and Amos software.Depression and anxiety rates of the caregivers were assessed by short form of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The validity had measured by previous studies. Also, in this study, we used face validity and its reliability has been obtained to be 85% by Cronbach's alpha in two parts.The results of this study showed that 33.5% and 44.7% of women caregivers endured mild to very severe depression and anxiety, respectively. Regarding depression, the significant variables were: Age, Family support, religion, number of children, elderly physical condition and also, about anxiety, the significant variables was contained, education, Age, Family support, religion, number of children and elderly physical condition (P <0.005).more attention and support should be paid to this group and appropriate policies should be adopted regarding them. 

The purpose of this study was the causal model of emotional divorce tendency based on the satisfaction of basic needs, the level of differentiation with the mediation of the perception of self-sacrificing behaviors of the spouse.The purpose of the current research is of an applied type and its implementation method is descriptive of the correlation type.The statistical population included all couples(normal households of men and women) of Kermanshah city. From among them, 384 people(192 couples) were selected as the sample size from different areas of the city, according to Morgan's table. Data were collected using emotional divorce questionnaires of Guttman (1999), the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of Guardia, Desi and Ryan (2000), the differentiation level of Drake(2011) and the perception of self-sacrificing behavior of the spouse(PSBM) of Harper and Figures(2008). The results of the data using Pearson correlation statistical tests and structural equations showed: the indirect effect of the level of differentiation on emotional divorce through the perceptions of selfless behaviors of the spouse is equal to -0.111, the indirect effect of satisfying basic needs on emotional divorce through the perceptions of selfless behaviors Wife is equal to -0.197, also the direct effect of perceptions of selfless behaviors on emotional divorce is significant -0.362. Understanding the selfless behavior of the spouse is an important and influential factor in promoting mental health, and by identifying the factors along with proper planning, it is possible to reduce the emotional divorce and increase the basic psychological needs and the level of differentiation.

Accountability is often related to some kind of connection between people and their work environment. The purpose of this study is to provide a model of the effect of women's social responsibility on sustainable development in sports organizations. The main hypothesis of the research is the existence of a significant relationship between women's social responsibility and the realization of sustainable development goals in the organization. The current research is a descriptive-survey type of research. which is practical in terms of implementation and contemporary in terms of time. 240 female personnel in sports complexes voluntarily answered the questions of the standard questionnaires of social responsibility by Carroll (1991) and sustainable development by Rezaei (2016), which had good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.81). Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS) was used to examine the relationships between variables. The findings of the research showed that the factor load of "social obligation" (0.78) was higher than the other dimensions, followed by "moral obligation" with 0.64, "economic obligation" with 0.51 and "legal obligation". They are with 0.44. Also, women's social responsibility can lead to the realization of sustainable development in sports organizations. Because it has a factor load of 0.67. As a result, all research hypotheses are confirmed, and considering that RMSEA is equal to 2.150, the final model has sufficient fit. Therefore, it is suggested that working women become familiar with the category of responsibility and its dimensions, increase their commitment and accountability, and provide the basis for the growing development of their social responsibility.